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When developing diagnostic tests or evaluating results, it is important to understand how reliable those tests and therefore the results you are obtaining are. By using samples of known disease status, values such as sensitivity and specificity can be calculated that allow you to evaluate just that. What do sensitivity values tell you? The sensitivity of a test is also called the true positive rate (TPR) and is the proportion of samples that are genuinely positive that give a positive result using the test in question. For example, a test that correctly identifies all positive samples in a panel is very sensitive. Another test that only detects 60 % of the positive samples in the panel would be deemed to have lower sensitivity as it is missing positives and giving higher a false negative rate (FNR) . Also referred to as type II errors , false negatives are the failure to reject a false null hypothesis (the null hypothesis being that the sample is negative). What do specificit...

A. Accurate hemostasis and thrombosis results rely heavily on proper collection and processing (preanalytic phase) of the citrated blood specimen. Guidelines from many sources, including the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 1 indicate that blood collection into nonactivating containers (e.g. polypropylene plastic or silicone-coated glass) with proper blood-to-anticoagulant ratio is required. Trisodium citrate tubes are available in a 3.2 percent or 3.8 percent concentration. A laboratory should choose a single concentration and not use the two citrate concentrations interchangeably.2 The World Health Organization and the CLSI recommend using 3.2 percent sodium citrate (105–109 nm/L), as the thromboplastin International Sensitivity Index values applied in the INR calculation are based on specimens collected in 3.2 percent citrate. 2,3 The proper blood-to-anticoagulant ratio, commonly referred to as the “fill volume,” results in a 9:1 ratio of blood to antic...

The anticoagulant of choice when testing on a hematology analyzer is EDTA (purple top). Unfortunately, EDTA can also cause in vitro platelet clumping in certain individuals. When this occurs the standard practice is to collect a specimen with sodium citrate (blue top) as the anticoagulant. The blue top specimen must be filled fully to maintain the appropriate blood-to-coagulant ratio. The platelet results are then multiplied by 1.1 to obtain the final result. It is not required to add a disclaimer since this is a mechanism to correct a problem with the specimen and the original anticoagulant. The CAP checklist requirement follows in its entirety, including references. HEM.30300 Platelet Abnormalities Phase II There is an adequate system (such as microscopic correlation with the blood film) to prevent reporting of spurious thrombocytopenia when platelet clumps, giant platelets, or platelet satellitism are present. NOTE: When platelet satellitosis (satellitism), signi...

Iron deficiency in children: Prevention tips for parents Iron deficiency in children can affect development and lead to anemia. Find out how much iron your child needs, the best sources of iron and more. Is your child getting enough iron in his or her diet? Find out what causes iron deficiency in children, how to recognize it and how to prevent it. Why is iron important for children? Iron is a nutrient that's essential to your child's growth and development. Iron helps move oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and helps muscles store and use oxygen. If your child's diet lacks iron, he or she might develop a condition called iron deficiency. Iron deficiency in children can occur at many levels, from depleted iron stores to anemia — a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. Untreated iron deficiency can affect a child's growth and development. How much iron do children need? Babies are born with i...

Abstract Introduction: Hemolysis is still the most common reason for rejecting samples, while reobtaining a new sample is an important problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hemolysis in different hemolysis levels for mostly used biochemical parameters to prevent unnecessary rejections. Materials and methods: Sixteen healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Four hemolysis levels were constituted according to hemoglobin concentrations and they were divided into five groups: Group I: 0-0.10 g/L, Group II: 0.10-0.50 g/L, Group III: 0.51-1.00 g/L, Group IV: 1.01-2.50 g/L, Group V: 2.51-4.50 g/L. Lysis was achieved by mechanical trauma. Results: Hemolysis interference affected lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) almost at undetectable hemolysis by visual inspection (plasma hemoglobin < 0.5 g/L). Clinically meaningful variations of potassium and total bilirubin were observed in moderately hemolyzed samp...

ATLAS NẤM - KÝ SINH TRÙNG GÂY BỆNH TRONG MÁU VÀ TỦY XƯƠNG 1. VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS (BONE MARROW) 2. MALARIA P.VIVAX (BLOOD) 3. MALARIA P.FALCIPARUM (BLOOD) 4. TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI (BLOOD) 5. TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSIS (BLOOD) 6. TOXOPLASMA GONDII 7. PARACOCCIDIOI-DES BRASILIENSIS (BONE MARROW)  8. HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM (BONE MARROW) 9. FILARIASIS WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI (BLOOD)  10. CANDIDA SP. (BLOOD) Lê Văn Công Ủng hộ Labnotes123 để nhóm có kinh phí hoạt động tốt hơn bằng cách đóng góp vào tài khoản: Lê Văn Công Vietinbank: 106006076994 Chi nhánh tỉnh Hải Dương